Important Amendments Of Indian Constitution
The article below mentions the Important Amendments to Indian Constitution. Read the article below to check detailed information.
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Indian Constitution
Indian Constitution is a significant document that was adopted on 26th November 1949 and came into effect on 26th January 1950. Over the years, there have been many changes and additions to the Constitution, which have made it more comprehensive and relevant to our country. Let’s discuss some of the important amendments made to the Indian Constitution below in this article.
Important Amendments Of The Indian Constitution
The important amendments of the Indian Constitution are tabulated below.
Amendment |
Year |
Description |
---|---|---|
First Amendment | 1951 | Made changes to the Fundamental Rights provisions, including restrictions on freedom of speech and expression and validation of zamindari abolition laws. |
Second Amendment | 1952 | Removed the prescribed population limit for one member to be elected to the Lok Sabha. |
Third Amendment | 1954 | Amended the Legislative Lists in the Seventh Schedule. |
Fourth Amendment | 1955 | Amended Articles 31 and 31A, impacting the compensation for compulsory acquisition of property and the Ninth Schedule. |
Fifth Amendment | 1955 | Added a time limit for states to express their views on certain matters referred to by the central government. |
Sixth Amendment | 1956 | Amended the Seventh Schedule and made changes to taxation-related articles. |
Seventh Amendment | 1956 | Brought comprehensive changes to implement the State Reorganisation Act. |
Eighth Amendment | 1959 | Extended the reservation of seats in Lok Sabha and State Legislatures for certain communities. |
Ninth Amendment | 1960 | Transferred certain territories to Pakistan under an agreement between India and Pakistan. |
Tenth Amendment | 1961 | Integrated Free Dadra and Nagar Haveli with the Union of India. |
Eleventh Amendment | 1962 | Introduced the election of the Vice President by an Electoral College instead of a Joint Sitting of Parliament. |
Twelfth Amendment | 1962 | Incorporated the territories of Goa, Daman, and Diu into the Indian Union. |
Thirteenth Amendment | 1962 | Created the state of Nagaland. |
Fourteenth Amendment | 1963 | Incorporated the former French territory of Puducherry into the Union. |
Fifteenth Amendment | 1963 | Raised the retirement age of High Court judges from 60 to 62 and made minor amendments for rationalizing the interpretation of rules regarding judges. |
Eighteenth Amendment | 1966 | Facilitated the reorganization of Punjab on a linguistic basis into Punjab and Haryana and created the Union Territory of Chandigarh. |
Twenty-first Amendment | 1967 | Included Sindhi as the 15th regional language in the Eighth Schedule. |
Twenty-second Amendment | 1969 | Created a sub-state of Meghalaya within Assam. |
Twenty-third Amendment | 1969 | Extended the reservation of seats for SC/STs and nomination of Anglo-Indians for a further period of 10 years (up to 1980). |
Twenty-sixth Amendment | 1971 | Abolished titles and special privileges of former rulers of princely states. |
Twenty-seventh Amendment | 1971 | Established the states of Manipur and Tripura and formed the Union Territories of Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh. |
Thirty-first Amendment | 1973 | Increased the elective strength of the Lok Sabha from 525 to 545 and the upper limit of representatives of a state from 500 to 525. |
Thirty-sixth Amendment | 1975 | Made Sikkim a state of the Indian Union. |
Thirty-eighth Amendment | 1975 | Provided for the President to make a declaration of emergency, and the promulgation of ordinances by the President, Governors, and UT heads became final and could not be challenged in any court. |
Thirty-ninth Amendment | 1975 | Decreed that the election of the Prime Minister, Speaker, President, and Vice-President cannot be challenged in any court. |
Forty-second Amendment | 1976 | Gave supremacy to Parliament and primacy to Directive Principles over Fundamental Rights. Added 10 Fundamental Duties and altered the Preamble of the Constitution. |
Forty-fourth Amendment | 1978 | Restored the normal duration of Lok Sabha and Legislative Assemblies to 5 years, deleted the right to property from Part III, and limited the power to proclaim the internal emergency. |
Forty-fifth Amendment | 1980 | Extended reservation for SC/ST by an additional 10 years (up to 1990). |
Fifty-second Amendment | 1985 | Inserted the Tenth Schedule in the Constitution regarding provisions for disqualification on the grounds of defection. |
Fifty-fifth Amendment | 1986 | Conferred statehood on Arunachal Pradesh. |
Fifty-sixth Amendment | 1987 | Accepted the Hindi version of the Constitution for all purposes and conferred statehood on the Union Territory of Goa. |
Sixty-first Amendment | 1989 | Reduced the voting age from 21 years to 18 years for Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies. |
Seventy-third Amendment | 1992 | Provided for Panchayati Raj institutions, Gram Sabha in villages, direct elections to all seats in Panchayats, and reservation of seats for SC and ST. Fixed the tenure of Panchayats at 5 years. |
Seventy-fourth Amendment | 1993 | Provided for three types of municipalities, reservation of seats for SC/ST, women, and OBCs in municipalities. |
Seventy-seventh Amendment | 1995 | Continued the policy of reservation in promotions for SC/STs and inserted a new Clause (4A) in Article 16 mandating changes in the reservation. |
Seventy-ninth Amendment | 1999 | Extended reservations for SC/STs and Anglo-Indians in the Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies for an additional 10 years. |
Eighty-sixth Amendment | 2002 | Inserted Article 21A, providing the Right to Education for children aged 6 to 14 years. |
Eighty-ninth Amendment | 2003 | Amended Article 338 to establish the National Commission for Scheduled Castes and the National Commission for Scheduled Tribes. |
Ninetieth Amendment | 2003 | Inserted Article 170A to provide for the number of seats in the Legislative Assemblies of certain states. |
Ninety-first Amendment | 2003 | Amended Article 75 to limit the number of ministers in the Council of Ministers. |
Ninety-second Amendment | 2003 | Included Bodo, Dogri, Santali, and Maithali as official languages. |
Ninety-third Amendment | 2006 | Provided for 27% reservation for Other Backward Classes (OBCs) in government and private educational institutions. |
Ninety-ninth Amendment | 2014 | Provided for the formation of the National Judicial Appointments Commission (struck down by the Supreme Court). |
One Hundredth Amendment | 2015 | Related to the Land Boundary Agreement (LBA) between India and Bangladesh. |
One Hundred and First Amendment | 2016 | Introduced the Goods and Services Tax (GST). |
One Hundred and Third Amendment | 2019 | Provided 10% reservation for economically weaker sections in educational institutions and employment in Central Government jobs. |
One Hundred and Forth Amendment | 2020 | It extended the reservation of seats for SCs and STs in the Lok Sabha and state assemblies. |